// Music synthesis from Conway's Game of Life
// Base class and multiple synthesis approaches

/**
 * Base class for all music synthesis approaches
 */
class MusicSynthesizer {
    constructor() {
        this.audioContext = new (window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext)();
        this.isPlaying = false;
        this.masterGain = this.audioContext.createGain();
        this.masterGain.connect(this.audioContext.destination);
        this.masterGain.gain.value = 0.3; // Prevent clipping

        this.baseFrequency = 100; // Hz
    }

    /**
     * Generate music based on grid state - override in subclasses
     */
    generateFromGrid(grid, cols, rows) {
        // To be implemented by subclasses
    }

    play() {
        if (this.isPlaying) return;
        this.isPlaying = true;
        this.masterGain.gain.setValueAtTime(0.3, this.audioContext.currentTime);
    }

    stop() {
        this.isPlaying = false;
        this.masterGain.gain.setTargetAtTime(0, this.audioContext.currentTime, 0.1);
        this.cleanup();
    }

    setBaseFrequency(frequency) {
        this.baseFrequency = frequency;
    }

    cleanup() {
        // To be implemented by subclasses
    }
}

/**
 * Additive Synthesis: Each live cell generates a sine oscillator
 * Frequency based on cell position, creating harmonic textures
 */
class AdditiveSynthesizer extends MusicSynthesizer {
    constructor(superCellThreshold = 100, superCellMaxOscillators = 100) {
        super();
        this.oscillators = new Map(); // Map of "key" -> { osc, gain, frequency }
        this.lastUpdate = 0;
        this.liveCells = new Set(); // Tracks currently alive cells as "x,y"
        this.superCellThreshold = superCellThreshold;
        this.superCellMaxOscillators = superCellMaxOscillators;
    }

    calculateFrequency(x, y, cols, rows) {
        const normalizedX = 1 - x / (cols - 1 || 1);
        const normalizedY = 1 - y / (rows - 1 || 1);

        const octaveOffset = normalizedY * 3;
        const noteOffset = normalizedX * 12;

        return this.baseFrequency * Math.pow(2, octaveOffset + noteOffset / 12);
    }

    generateFromGrid(grid, cols, rows) {
        if (!this.isPlaying) return;

        // Throttle updates ~40Hz
        const now = performance.now();
        if (now - this.lastUpdate < 25) return;
        this.lastUpdate = now;

        const newLiveCells = new Set();

        // Only iterate the sparse live cells
        for (let y = 0; y < rows; y++) {
            for (let x = 0; x < cols; x++) {
                if (grid[y][x]) newLiveCells.add(`${x},${y}`);
            }
        }

        const activeCellCount = newLiveCells.size;
        const useSuperCells = activeCellCount > this.superCellThreshold;

        let superCellSize = 1;
        const superCells = new Map();

        if (useSuperCells) {
            // Determine super-cell size to limit total oscillators
            superCellSize = Math.ceil(Math.sqrt((cols * rows) / this.superCellMaxOscillators));

            for (const cellKey of newLiveCells) {
                const [x, y] = cellKey.split(',').map(Number);
                const sx = Math.floor(x / superCellSize);
                const sy = Math.floor(y / superCellSize);
                const sKey = `${sx},${sy}`;
                superCells.set(sKey, (superCells.get(sKey) || 0) + 1);
            }
        } else {
            // In sparse mode, each live cell becomes its own "super cell"
            for (const cellKey of newLiveCells) {
                superCells.set(cellKey, 1);
            }
        }

        // Stop oscillators for empty keys
        const toDelete = [];
        for (const [key, { osc, gain }] of this.oscillators) {
            if (!superCells.has(key)) {
                gain.gain.cancelScheduledValues(this.audioContext.currentTime);
                gain.gain.setTargetAtTime(0, this.audioContext.currentTime, 0.05);
                osc.stop(this.audioContext.currentTime + 0.05);
                toDelete.push(key);
            }
        }
        for (const key of toDelete) this.oscillators.delete(key);

        // Create/update oscillators
        for (const [key, count] of superCells) {
            const [sx, sy] = key.split(',').map(Number);

            const cx = useSuperCells
                ? sx * superCellSize + superCellSize / 2
                : sx;
            const cy = useSuperCells
                ? sy * superCellSize + superCellSize / 2
                : sy;

            const frequency = this.calculateFrequency(cx, cy, cols, rows);

            const gainValue = useSuperCells
                ? Math.min(0.3, Math.sqrt(count / (superCellSize * superCellSize)) * 0.3)
                : 0.3 / Math.sqrt(activeCellCount);

            if (!this.oscillators.has(key)) {
                const osc = this.audioContext.createOscillator();
                const gain = this.audioContext.createGain();

                osc.type = 'sine';
                osc.frequency.value = frequency;

                gain.gain.setValueAtTime(0, this.audioContext.currentTime);
                gain.gain.setTargetAtTime(gainValue, this.audioContext.currentTime, 0.05);

                osc.connect(gain);
                gain.connect(this.masterGain);
                osc.start();

                this.oscillators.set(key, { osc, gain, frequency });
            } else {
                const { osc, gain } = this.oscillators.get(key);

                if (Math.abs(osc.frequency.value - frequency) > 0.1) {
                    osc.frequency.setTargetAtTime(frequency, this.audioContext.currentTime, 0.05);
                    this.oscillators.get(key).frequency = frequency;
                }
                if (Math.abs(gain.gain.value - gainValue) > 0.01) {
                    gain.gain.setTargetAtTime(gainValue, this.audioContext.currentTime, 0.05);
                }
            }
        }

        // Update liveCells set
        this.liveCells = newLiveCells;
    }

    cleanup() {
        for (const [, { osc, gain }] of this.oscillators) {
            gain.gain.cancelScheduledValues(this.audioContext.currentTime);
            gain.gain.setTargetAtTime(0, this.audioContext.currentTime, 0.1);
            osc.stop(this.audioContext.currentTime + 0.1);
        }
        this.oscillators.clear();
        this.liveCells.clear();
    }
}



/**
 * Frequency Grid: Map rows to frequencies, columns to amplitude modulation
 * Creates a more melodic, wavetable-like sound
 */
class FrequencyGridSynthesizer extends MusicSynthesizer {
    constructor() {
        super();
        this.oscillators = new Map(); // Map of row index -> { osc, gain }
    }

    generateFromGrid(grid, cols, rows) {
        if (!this.isPlaying) return;

        const activeCells = new Set();

        // Find which rows have active cells
        for (let y = 0; y < rows; y++) {
            let rowHasLife = false;
            for (let x = 0; x < cols; x++) {
                if (grid[y][x]) {
                    rowHasLife = true;
                    activeCells.add(y);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // Stop oscillators for rows that are now empty
        for (const [rowKey, { osc, gain }] of this.oscillators) {
            if (!activeCells.has(parseInt(rowKey))) {
                gain.gain.setTargetAtTime(0, this.audioContext.currentTime, 0.05);
                setTimeout(() => {
                    osc.stop();
                }, 100);
                this.oscillators.delete(rowKey);
            }
        }

        // global grid density
        const density = activeCells.size / (rows * cols);

        // compensation: louder when overall density is low, neutral when medium
        const globalBoost = Math.min(1 / Math.sqrt(density), 10);

        // Create or update oscillators for rows with life
        for (const row of activeCells) {
            const frequency = this.baseFrequency * Math.pow(2, (1 - row / (rows - 1 || 1)) * 3);

            // Count density in this row for amplitude
            let cellCount = 0;
            for (let x = 0; x < cols; x++) {
                if (grid[row][x]) cellCount++;
            }
            const amplitude = Math.min((cellCount / cols) * globalBoost, 0.1);

            if (!this.oscillators.has(row)) {
                const osc = this.audioContext.createOscillator();
                const gain = this.audioContext.createGain();

                osc.type = 'triangle';
                osc.frequency.value = frequency;

                gain.gain.setValueAtTime(0, this.audioContext.currentTime);
                gain.gain.setTargetAtTime(amplitude, this.audioContext.currentTime, 0.1);

                osc.connect(gain);
                gain.connect(this.masterGain);
                osc.start();

                this.oscillators.set(row, { osc, gain });
            } else {
                const { osc, gain } = this.oscillators.get(row);
                osc.frequency.setTargetAtTime(frequency, this.audioContext.currentTime, 0.1);
                gain.gain.setTargetAtTime(amplitude, this.audioContext.currentTime, 0.1);
            }
        }
    }

    cleanup() {
        for (const [, { osc, gain }] of this.oscillators) {
            gain.gain.setTargetAtTime(0, this.audioContext.currentTime, 0.1);
            setTimeout(() => {
                osc.stop();
            }, 150);
        }
        this.oscillators.clear();
    }
}

/**
 * Granular Synthesis: Each cell generates a brief burst/grain
 * Creates glitchy, textured, evolving sounds
 */
class GranularSynthesizer extends MusicSynthesizer {
    constructor() {
        super();
        this.liveCells = new Set(); // currently alive cells
    }

    generateFromGrid(grid, cols, rows) {
        if (!this.isPlaying) return;

        const newLiveCells = new Set();
        const triggeredCells = [];

        // Only loop over the entire grid to detect transitions
        for (let y = 0; y < rows; y++) {
            for (let x = 0; x < cols; x++) {
                const key = `${x},${y}`;
                const isAlive = grid[y][x] === 1;

                if (isAlive) newLiveCells.add(key);

                const wasAlive = this.liveCells.has(key);
                if (isAlive && !wasAlive) triggeredCells.push([x, y]);
            }
        }

        // Calculate per-grain volume based on number of grains this update
        const grainCount = triggeredCells.length || 1; // avoid division by zero
        const gainPerGrain = Math.min(0.2, 0.5 / Math.sqrt(grainCount));

        for (const [x, y] of triggeredCells) {
            this.triggerGrain(x, y, cols, rows, gainPerGrain);
        }

        // Update live cells set
        this.liveCells = newLiveCells;
    }

    triggerGrain(x, y, cols, rows, gainValue) {
        const frequency = this.baseFrequency * Math.pow(
            2,
            (1 - y / (rows - 1 || 1)) * 3 + (1 - x / (cols - 1 || 1))
        );
        const grainDuration = 0.1; // 100ms

        const osc = this.audioContext.createOscillator();
        const gain = this.audioContext.createGain();
        const now = this.audioContext.currentTime;

        osc.frequency.value = frequency;
        osc.type = 'sine';

        // Envelope: fade in, hold, fade out
        gain.gain.setValueAtTime(0, now);
        gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(gainValue, now + 0.01);
        gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(gainValue, now + grainDuration - 0.02);
        gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0, now + grainDuration);

        osc.connect(gain);
        gain.connect(this.masterGain);
        osc.start(now);
        osc.stop(now + grainDuration);
    }

    cleanup() {
        this.liveCells.clear();
    }
}

class PolyrhythmSynthesizer extends MusicSynthesizer {
    constructor() {
        super();
        this.oscillatorPool = [];
        this.activeOscillators = [];
        this.maxOscillators = 50;
        this._initOscillatorPool();

        // Simple delay for echo effect
        this.delayNode = this.audioContext.createDelay();
        this.delayNode.delayTime.value = 0.2; // 200ms echo
        this.delayGain = this.audioContext.createGain();
        this.delayGain.gain.value = 0.25; // echo volume
        this.delayNode.connect(this.delayGain);
        this.delayGain.connect(this.masterGain);
    }

    _initOscillatorPool() {
        for (let i = 0; i < this.maxOscillators; i++) {
            const osc = this.audioContext.createOscillator();
            const gain = this.audioContext.createGain();
            osc.type = 'sine';
            gain.gain.setValueAtTime(0, this.audioContext.currentTime);
            osc.connect(gain);
            gain.connect(this.masterGain);
            osc.start();
            this.oscillatorPool.push({ osc, gain, inUse: false });
        }
    }

    generateFromGrid(grid, cols, rows) {
        if (!this.isPlaying) return;

        for (let y = 0; y < rows; y++) {
            const rowCells = [];
            for (let x = 0; x < cols; x++) if (grid[y][x]) rowCells.push(x);
            if (!rowCells.length) continue;

            const rowLength = (rows - y) + 2;
            for (const x of rowCells) {
                const triggerProb = Math.min(1, 0.3 * rowLength / rowCells.length);
                if (Math.random() < triggerProb) this.triggerNote(y, rowCells.length);
            }
        }
    }

    triggerNote(row, activeCellsInRow) {
        const freeOsc = this.oscillatorPool.find(o => !o.inUse);
        if (!freeOsc) return;
        freeOsc.inUse = true;

        const now = this.audioContext.currentTime;
        const freq = this.baseFrequency * Math.pow(2, (1 - row / 8) * 4); // wider pitch spread
        freeOsc.osc.frequency.setValueAtTime(freq, now);

        const gainValue = Math.min(0.3, 0.5 / Math.sqrt(activeCellsInRow));

        // Calculate attack and release times based on frequency
        const noteDuration = 1 + (6 - row) * 0.2; // Longer duration for lower notes
        const attackTime = 0.05;
        const releaseTime = noteDuration - attackTime;

        // Smoother fade-in/out with dynamic times
        freeOsc.gain.gain.cancelScheduledValues(now);
        freeOsc.gain.gain.setValueAtTime(0, now);
        freeOsc.gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(gainValue, now + attackTime);
        freeOsc.gain.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.01, now + releaseTime);

        // Optional echo: duplicate into delay node
        const delayGain = this.audioContext.createGain();
        delayGain.gain.value = 0.2;
        freeOsc.osc.connect(delayGain);
        delayGain.connect(this.delayNode);

        // Free oscillator after envelope finishes
        setTimeout(() => {
            freeOsc.inUse = false;
            delayGain.disconnect();
        }, noteDuration * 1000); // Adjusted to match the new decay time
    }
    /*triggerNote(row, activeCellsInRow) {
        const freeOsc = this.oscillatorPool.find(o => !o.inUse);
        if (!freeOsc) return;
        freeOsc.inUse = true;

        const now = this.audioContext.currentTime;
        const freq = this.baseFrequency * Math.pow(2, (1 - row / 8) * 4); // wider pitch spread
        freeOsc.osc.frequency.setValueAtTime(freq, now);

        const gainValue = Math.min(0.3, 0.5 / Math.sqrt(activeCellsInRow));

        // Long envelope with smoother fade in/out
        freeOsc.gain.gain.cancelScheduledValues(now);
        freeOsc.gain.gain.setValueAtTime(0, now);
        freeOsc.gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(gainValue, now + 0.05);
        freeOsc.gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0.01, now + 0.4); // ~400ms note duration

        // Optional echo: duplicate into delay node
        const delayGain = this.audioContext.createGain();
        delayGain.gain.value = 0.2;
        freeOsc.osc.connect(delayGain);
        delayGain.connect(this.delayNode);

        // Free oscillator after envelope finishes
        setTimeout(() => {
            freeOsc.inUse = false;
            delayGain.disconnect();
        }, 450);
    }*/

    cleanup() {
        for (const oscObj of this.oscillatorPool) {
            oscObj.gain.gain.setTargetAtTime(0, this.audioContext.currentTime, 0.05);
            oscObj.inUse = false;
        }
    }
}


// Create global instance using Additive Synthesis by default
let lifeMusic = new AdditiveSynthesizer();

// Function to switch synthesis approaches
function setSynthesisMode(mode) {
    const wasPlaying = lifeMusic.isPlaying;

    if (wasPlaying) {
        lifeMusic.stop();
    }

    switch (mode) {
        case 'additive':
            lifeMusic = new AdditiveSynthesizer();
            break;
        case 'frequencyGrid':
            lifeMusic = new FrequencyGridSynthesizer();
            break;
        case 'granular':
            lifeMusic = new GranularSynthesizer();
            break;
        case 'polyrhythm':
            lifeMusic = new PolyrhythmSynthesizer();
            break;
        default:
            lifeMusic = new AdditiveSynthesizer();
    }

    if (wasPlaying) {
        lifeMusic.play();
    }
}